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Batumi emerged as a significant town in the 16thcentury. The city was under the domination of the Ottoman Empire after the campaigns to Caucasus and Georgia. It became one of the ports of contention between Russia and Persia during the 18thcentury. Batumi…
Batumi emerged as a significant town in the 16thcentury. The city was under the domination of the Ottoman Empire after the campaigns to Caucasus and Georgia. It became one of the ports of contention between Russia and Persia during the 18thcentury. Batumi…
The article is based on the Tobacco Customs Register Numbered 23361 in the years of 1826-1827. The Ottoman State decided to increase the tax rates of tobacco bought and sold across the country, including customs, in order to find new sources of income for the…
Wallachia and Moldavia, which occupied an important position in the Balkans and Eastern European region, came under the Ottoman rule at the end of the 15th century. The region, which was important for the Ottoman Empire in terms of political and strategic as…
The Ottoman Empire used “exile” as a means of punishment among the precautions to achieve public security. The imposition of this kind of restriction can be examined in three ways. Firstly, after the conquest a part of the non-Muslim population in Trabzon was…
This research is inspired by an “ağnam register” dated 1722, which shows the number of sheeps and sheep owners in the Trabzon province. The research investigates the agriculture and stock raising culture in Anatolia within the Ottoman context in general…
In the period of chaos that followed the October Revolution, Crimean Tatars organised themselves in Crimea, where they had been continuing their existence for long years, and established the Crimean Tatar Government on 26 December 1917. Although the…
Various problems concerning the state and society after the mid-18th century until the collapse of the Ottoman Empire appeared around Shiran and Kelkit Districts. As a result, instances of banditry were recorded in the region from time to time, several…
The Black Sea is an important internal water which has always witnessed commercial activities even in the early history and thus been claimed by many countries since then. The Black Sea has always been a region that was controlled by sovereignty over the…
Striving to push its borders especially towards the west as from its genesis, the Ottoman Empire first extended deep into the Balkans and then into Europe. It was clear that a permanent dominance over the Balkans and Europe would only be possible through a…
Monetary foundations, mostly referred to as a legal issue, became a very important part of the social life in the Ottoman State with its widespread use and with the way they functioned in the Ottoman society. The reason why these foundations raised heated…
The book in Turkish-Islamic civilization has an important place as pointing out a stationary and rooted culture in the “respectability” priority as encinctured in the verse of Koran example, translated as: “Are those who know equal to those who do not know?”…
Towards the end of the 19th century, Armenians intended to break away from the Ottoman Empire and establish an independent Greater Armenia in order to take advantage of opportunities promised by the international conjuncture. However, they had limited…
During and after the World War I within the whole Ottoman geography, especially in regions like Trabzon, which were saved from the occupation of the Allies, public security problems proliferated. Thus, maintaining the safety and the order of the community in…
Forming an alliance with the Ottoman Empire, Germany joined the First World War with the aim of removing Russians from the Caucasus in line with her East policy. With this purpose, both states have entered into various joint activities during the war. One of…
In this study, Aga Muhammed Han’s Caucasian campaigns and Ottoman-Iran relations (1795-1797) are studied and by using the available sources, some evaluations are carried out. Within the general framework, the introductory part is devoted to Aga Muhammed Han…
This study deals with the official documentary report pertaining to the male population of Trabzon Province between 1876-78, which was delivered to The Imperial Mabeyn (Mabeyn-i Hümayun) by Sırrı Pasha, the governor of Trabzon at the time. Within this…
The First World War represents the last stage of the deep-rooted struggle between Turkey and Russia. The aim of Russia was to abolish the Ottoman State and capture the Bosphorus and to go to the Persian Gulf and Mediterranean Sea through Eastern Anatolia…
In this paper we will try to give some information on the life of Ömer Pasha who governed Trabzon province in the 18 th century in which the Ottoman state’s classical system was dissolved and tried to be replaced by new systems. This study will be an…
Tobacco was providing great income to the Ottoman Empire. When the Public Debts Organization (Düyun-u Umumiye) began to work they took control of tobacco. Regie, The Administration of the Tobacco Monopoly, had the right to manage all tobacco businesses in the…
During the rule of Sultan Abdülhamid II, some changes were made in the administrative statuses of some sanjaks and wilayahs. Some places were detached from the wilayahs that they belonged to and were given the status of sanjak. Canik is one of them. However…