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The Ottoman Empire used “exile” as a means of punishment among the precautions to achieve public security. The imposition of this kind of restriction can be examined in three ways. Firstly, after the conquest a part of the non-Muslim population in Trabzon was…
In Ottoman territories, where there was labor requirement and where there were job seekers were different each other. This situation induced migration for being a guest worker. In Rumelia, people having financial difficulties were going to the country side of…
The Ottoman Empire would face the problem of immigration as a result of the wars by the end of the 18th century. Between 1774 and 1920, population migration occurred from Crimea to the Ottoman geography and in 1783 and 1860 massive population migration…
Upon the outbreak of the First World War, the Russian army which waged battle on Caucasus Front directed its course towards Bayburt and invaded this region as a result of fierce battles between 15 April and 17 July 1916. The Russian army had already invaded…
Population movements are important events that always play effective rule in societies’ evolution. It’s possible to classify migrations in two groups. The first is the migration which occurs with free will. The second is the migration which occurs by the…
The eastern Black Sea is a region where erosions often occur due to the structure of the soil. The first erosion occurred in Of-Sürmene in the year 1929 during the early Republican period. Nobody became aware of the disaster in time, which signposts the…
One of the aims of conducting history studies is to examine the words that the historical sources use to describe a certain historical event and to analyze the sociological and psychological meanings that the sources attribute to the respective events. The…
At the beginning of 1915, the activities of the warships that belonged to the Russian Navy in Rize and thereabouts. With the emergence of the Russian Navy in the region, the intelligence received from the watchmen was sent to the Province of Trabzon and then…
In the first months following the breakout of the world war, the Russian army began to invade the eastern Anatolia soon after the collapse of Sarikamish Front. From the beginnings of 1918 following the military operation done to Erzurum overland and to…
The remarkable political events of the 19 th century led to a bloody world war. In the war that broke out in 1914, the Ottoman Empire as a member of the Allied Troops first fought in the Kafkas Front. Yet, the defeats taken in this front and the fact that the…