The Pontic Issue remained on the agenda during the years of National Struggle. The Pontic Greek gangs continued their activities in and around Samsun until the end of 1922. Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Parliament), the Government has taken some measures…
Vatandaşların muhtelif siyasî ve toplumsal sorunlara dair görüşünü almak için başvurulan referandum, son bir asırlık dönemde dünyada sıkça uygulanan demokratik bir yöntemdir. Genellikle anayasa, sınırlar, kamusal düzenlemeler ve uluslararası birliklere…
Samsun is one of the cities where the words "migration" and "migrant" were commonly used during the transition from the Ottoman Empire to the Republican Period. The migration and settlement, which began with the Caucasian migrations in the Ottoman Empire…
Just like Trabzon, Samsun, one of the most important ports of the Southern Black Sea, entered into a rapid development process in the 1830s owing to the high potential of agricultural production and its geographical location. As a sign of this developmental…
Abdullah Cevdet, a supporter of western values and westernization and the champion ideolog of Young Turks movement, went on a trip to the Black Sea Region in October 1912. He wrote about his experience of one-week vacation. Reviewing the impressions of the…
Ottoman Empire had been considerably struggling with the question of minorities in the political arena since the second half of the 19 th century. This problem, moreover, continued until the Treaty of Lausanne. Under the particular influence of the French…
There have been a few studies to date about the last days of the Giresun Castle, which has been one of the most important castles in the Black Sea region. This study therefore focuses on the physical and martial status of the castle between 1768 and 1840. The…
After 1923, a series of improvements in public health occured in Samsun as well as all over Turkiye. Yet, despite all bona fide regulations, there were still some shortcomings in health services in Samsun. The most important problem, concerning public health…
Bafra was one of the important towns in the Sancak of Canik in regard to its population and economical data at the end of the 19 th century. Starting from the late 19 th century, Bafra experienced the educational moder-nization movement in its two important…
Süleyman Pasha, member of a leading family known as Hazinedarzades in Samsun, played an important role in the Ottoman state service in the 19 th Century. His one of the most notable duties was his governorship in Trabzon. During his office in Trabzon…
The Anatolian cities before the 19 th century were gathered around the river valleys. There were few port cities. During this period, Sinop and Trabzon in the south of the Black Sea were important. Ottomans adoption of free market economy from the second half…