Keyword
32 articles are tagged with this keyword.
Finlay wrote that "the history of Trebizond was almost unknown, until Professor Fallmerayer discovered the Chronicle of Michael Panaretos”. After the discovery of these chronicles, while the history of the Kingdom of Komnenos, which was established in 1204…
Batumi emerged as a significant town in the 16thcentury. The city was under the domination of the Ottoman Empire after the campaigns to Caucasus and Georgia. It became one of the ports of contention between Russia and Persia during the 18thcentury. Batumi…
Batumi emerged as a significant town in the 16thcentury. The city was under the domination of the Ottoman Empire after the campaigns to Caucasus and Georgia. It became one of the ports of contention between Russia and Persia during the 18thcentury. Batumi…
After the end of the Cold War, the balance of power in the Black Sea Basin in the last century was disrupted. The region has attracted global interest and triggered conflicts of interest in addition to the existing tension since then. Not only asymmetrical…
After the end of the Cold War, the balance of power in the Black Sea Basin in the last century was disrupted. The region has attracted global interest and triggered conflicts of interest in addition to the existing tension since then. Not only asymmetrical…
This study overviews the architrave and frieze blocks with bull-headed garland decoration used in Ancient Sinope. Apart from the style criterion, the study presents suggestions as to the identification of their structures and dating. In these samples, where…
Honorias was a Late Roman-Early Byzantine province between Bithynia and Paphlagonia, at the hinterland of Paphlagonia, located in northwest Anatolia. The rulers of this province, whose capital was Klaudiopolis (Bolu), were called as ‘praeses’. The state was…
Even though they found themselves at the threshold of diverging roads after a critical moment in history, Turks and Greeks lived together for a long and considerable time. During such shared experience, the interaction between the two communities was…
Russia was born from a little Moscow principality whose name was only known as the town border in the 12th century completed her formation in 14th and 16th centuries. In the mid of the 16th century during the reign of IV. Ivan (Terrible Ivan) the Muslim…
The purpose of this study is to analyse the hospital ship Portugal which was sunk during the World War I, the period beginning with the bombardment of the Black sea coast, the Russian occupation of Rize, and the attempt to occupy Trabzon. The ship, serving as…
Giresun Island, approximately 1.6 km off shore the city of Giresun/Kerasous which was a significant settlement centre in the Pontus province, is the only island in the Eastern Black Sea region that was inhabited during the Ancient Era and the Middle Ages…
Due to its strategic location, Turkey has been a gate to Europe for Georgia throughout history. Many Georgian who preferred the land route travelled to Europe via Turkey. Among the Georgian travellers were famous Georgian men of letters, one of whom is the…
The Black Sea is an important internal water which has always witnessed commercial activities even in the early history and thus been claimed by many countries since then. The Black Sea has always been a region that was controlled by sovereignty over the…
The port of Trabzon, which has occupied an important position in the East-West trade throughout history, is situated on a significant route connected both to Caucasus and to the West from Iran. For this reason, it was used by several states on military and…
Neither archeological data nor written sources can provide information about people who lived on Central and southeastern Black Sea Region in Early Iron Age (1190-950 BC). Therefore, the Early Iron Age of the region is also called as the Dark Age. However…
Pierre Jarôme Dupré who came to Trabzon in 1803 as a trade commissioner resided in the city until his death in 1820. The most important duty of Dupré was to develop and protect the French trade in the consular region and also he would observe the local trade…
This paper deals with the historical geography of Beşikdüzü, a small town in the western part of Trabzon. The study evaluates only the ancient and medieval sources since no detailed archaeological investigations have been carried out in the region. The aim of…
The opening of Black Sea to the international trade and the superiority over the Russia after the Crimean war brought Black Sea Ports into the focus of many European states, being in the first place France and England. Especially, the large and small private…
The Kipchaks in the Caucasus have been known since the early ages. However, from the tenth century on, their history and political structures have been well known. The Kipchaks spreading in a wide area from the North of Blacksea to Egypt, marked a leading…
Based on the Treaty of Paris in 1802, France established a consulate in Trabzon in 180, which gave France the privilege to trade in the Black Sea. However, the French commercial concern about Trabzon was reawakened in the 1830s when Persian transit trade was…
The Eastern Black Sea Region, dating back to the early history of mankind with its historical background, has taken important missions with its geopolitical and strategic location. In addition to the region's rich underground and surface resources, being…
Almost all of the works on the history of the Empire of Trebizond (1204-1461) are based on the Chronicle of Michael Panaretos, the only extant source on the subject. Without the work of Panaretos, much of our knowledge about the history of the Great…
Taceddinoğulları Emirate was founded by Çepnis, a branch of the Üç-Ok Oghuz, who fled into Anatolia in the 13th century before the Mongol invasion. It occupied an area between Bafra and Ordu on the black sea cost and included Niksar on its southern side…
After the Great Britain held important lands, especially India, in the Near East, the Britain became increasingly interested in the Black Sea region. Towards the end of First World War, the fact that Russia withdrew from the war and the Otoman Empire signed…
The concept of slavery which first appeared in Hammurabi Laws became an important factor in the world of Greece and Rome. The Greek people began to found colonies around The Black Sea for some economic and political reasons from the 7th century B.C. on. These…
It is widely accepted by the researchers that it is necessary to benefit from legends and myths which form the bases of oral literature in order to have knowledge about to period in which writing wasn’t known. Although myths and legends seem to be fictitious…
In the Ottoman Empire, the city of Trabzon and its port was one of the most important places in the middle of the 19 th century since it was possible to make trade between Persia and Europe by using Trabzon port. In these activities the key factor was the…
In this study we will try to deal with the importance of the historiographical geography of Kilia for the Ottoman Empire. The water level of the Kilia River had negative effect on the sailing activities. Bayezid II annexed the city of Kilia and its region to…
Black Sea had always attracted western governments attention in the fields of politics and trade. Especially France, Britain and Russia had serious conflicts over the domination of Black Sea. France had less information on the Black Sea in comparison to…
The Black Sea, which has maintained its importance throughout the history, has been one of the most conflicted regions among the global powers during the post-Cold-War period. Russia’s isolationist policies between 1991 and 1993 were replaced by the policies…
American Board, which was organized in 1810 in Boston, started to work over countries by a short time. From the earliest days of the American Board, the Ottoman State held a chief place in its work and the first American Board missionaries came to the Ottoman…
Following the Alliance agreement with Germany in August 1914, the Ottoman Government declared mobilization. As it had been done in centuries, send soldiers and supplies to the Eastern front. The transport of soldiers and supplies had been carried out smoothly…