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The usage of majmua s (anthologies) increased in sixteenth-century Ottoman world. Yet, the studies on the majmuas and alike copies are limited. However, these manuscripts might help us to reflect the Ottomans’ pursuits, biographies and perceptions, in a word…
Sinop, the only natural port of the Black Sea, has been an important military and commercial centre since ancient times. The city, which was an important point of the Silk Road trade from Trabzon during the Byzantine period, continued this importance in the…
Even though they found themselves at the threshold of diverging roads after a critical moment in history, Turks and Greeks lived together for a long and considerable time. During such shared experience, the interaction between the two communities was…
19th century industrialization affected the commercial course of the world revolution through the implementation of the power steam technology as well as affecting social and political mobility across the large regions of the Ottoman geography. As a result of…
There have been a few studies to date about the last days of the Giresun Castle, which has been one of the most important castles in the Black Sea region. This study therefore focuses on the physical and martial status of the castle between 1768 and 1840. The…
One of the important wars between the Otoman State and Russia is the war of 1853-1856. Although there are many reasons fort he outbreak of this war, the straw that broket he camel’s back was the Sinop Raid. On 30 November 1853, the Russian navy attacheked the…
The Anatolian cities before the 19 th century were gathered around the river valleys. There were few port cities. During this period, Sinop and Trabzon in the south of the Black Sea were important. Ottomans adoption of free market economy from the second half…