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The Eastern Frontier was of vital importance for the achievement of the National Struggle. Bolshevik Russia and the Allies planned the establishment of an Armenia State in Eastern Anatolia. When Bolshevik Revolution took place in the First World War, the…
Artvin and the surrounding area, dominated by Russia after Ottoman-Russian War, 1877-1878, were occupied by the British and the Georgians after the Mondros armistice in 1918. Artvin liva (sanjak) organization was founded on July 7, 1921 in Artvin, redominated…
The Pontus Issue emerged with the Greek independence movement, developed after first world war but was resolved through the Turkish national struggle and Lausanne Conference that followed. It has been a controversial and hot debate having influences on the…
This study evaluated the documents from the Foreign Office, War Office, and the Cabinet, all of which were obtained from The National Archives of the United Kingdom, Public Record Office as well as the documents in the published works. The study also…
This study examines the development of Turkish-Soviets relations and 1925 Agreement of Friendship and Non-Aggression. Turkish-Russian relations started during the Ottoman Empire and then at the time of National Struggle the relations transformed into…