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Growing commercial activity in the second half of the 19th century revealed inadequate conditions of the Çömlekçi Port by which a great part of the Trabzon’s trade realized in this period. The first infrastructure works was carried at the port during and…
Just like Trabzon, Samsun, one of the most important ports of the Southern Black Sea, entered into a rapid development process in the 1830s owing to the high potential of agricultural production and its geographical location. As a sign of this developmental…
There have been a few studies to date about the last days of the Giresun Castle, which has been one of the most important castles in the Black Sea region. This study therefore focuses on the physical and martial status of the castle between 1768 and 1840. The…
Black Sea had always attracted western governments attention in the fields of politics and trade. Especially France, Britain and Russia had serious conflicts over the domination of Black Sea. France had less information on the Black Sea in comparison to…
One of the important wars between the Otoman State and Russia is the war of 1853-1856. Although there are many reasons fort he outbreak of this war, the straw that broket he camel’s back was the Sinop Raid. On 30 November 1853, the Russian navy attacheked the…